From lead contamination to natural disasters leaving water unsafe to drink, water quality has become a hot topic lately.  With what seems like daily reports about contaminated public water sources, consumers are less trusting of municipal water quality reports.  As a result, many people are relying on a home water test to ensure that they have safe drinking water. 

A recent survey showed that 56 percent of Americans worry that their drinking water contains toxins, with almost one-third concerned about lead and toxic metals.  9 percent of respondents said that they rely on bottled water for drinking because they believe their water supply is unsafe.

To help ensure safe water quality, the U.S. EPA has implemented what is called the current maximum contaminant level (MCL) for common contaminants.  Although municipalities follow the EPA regulations when they test water at the source, contamination can happen at any point as the water travels to your home.  Contamination can also occur after the water has reached your home.  Depending on when your home was built, certain pipes and plumbing connectors can contribute to contamination.

Water Test Types

If you are concerned about your water quality and want to test it yourself, you have two options for water test types.  Home water test kits are available for you to perform the tests yourself with quick results – most results can be read in a matter of minutes.  The other option is a lab test kit where you collect your water samples and send them to a lab for analysis.  While both water test kits can detect water quality issues, there are differences in the cost and the precision of the results.  Positive test results from either type of water test are an indication that your water contains a particular contaminant.

Keep in mind that no matter what type of test kit you choose, each test is like a snapshot in time.  Water quality can quickly change depending on the weather, environmental conditions, and pollution.  It is recommended that if you have municipal water, you should test it annually. If you have well water, it needs to be tested more often because there is a higher risk of contamination.

At-Home Water Test Kits

Most of today’s at-home test kits rely on chemical strips that change color when they are exposed to contaminants in water such as lead, chemicals, pesticides, and bacteria. The amount of contamination is indicated by the color of the strip, which is then compared to an easy-to-read results chart so that you know the approximate level of contamination. 

At-home water test kits have a number of advantages.  They are affordable with many options under $50.  You can find a variety of kits at your local hardware store and online.  Some kits test for a single substance, while others include a variety of tests like TestAssured’s Complete Water Testing Kit which tests for 10 of the most common water issues.  With at-home test kits, you can test your water at any time and get immediate results for most tests.  Bacteria tests take longer, with results in 48 hours.

To perform most tests, you simply need to collect your sample in the vial provided and then dip the test strips into the water for the appropriate amount of time. Within seconds you’ll see the strips begin to change colors.  Once the results have developed, compare the colors on the test strips to the corresponding color chart.  For certain tests, such as lead, pesticide, and bacteria, you may need to add a powder or tablet to your sample for the results to develop properly.

Laboratory Water Test Kits

While at-home water test kits are a quick and affordable way to assess your water quality, you can test for a greater variety of contaminants with more precise results if you opt for a laboratory water test kit.  Typically, these kits include everything you need to gather water samples and send them to a certified lab for testing.  You can purchase a lab water test kit to test for a single pollutant or a variety of contaminants such as lead, heavy metals, chlorine, chemicals, bacteria, and many others. A lab test is the best option to test for hard to identify impurities like arsenic, glyphosate, and certain strains of bacteria. 

A laboratory water test kit generally includes sample vials and detailed instructions about how to collect live water samples.  Depending on what you are testing for, the kit may include an ice pack to maintain the quality of your samples during shipping to the lab.  Many kits often include a return shipping package with pre-paid postage. After your sample is tested, you receive a detailed report about the levels of contamination in your water.

Keep in mind that lab water test kits do cost more than at home test kits.  The cost increases depending on the type of contaminants and the number of contaminants that you are testing for.  The cost for lab test kits varies from approximately $50 up to hundreds of dollars for the most inclusive analysis.

Know What’s in Your Water

Whether you decide to perform your water tests yourself or have your water analyzed by a certified lab, TestAssured has a variety of water test kits for you to choose from.  Our at-home test kit is an affordable option for quick results. While our lab test kits may take a little longer for your results, you’ll know exactly what is in your water with our certified lab’s analysis.  All of our test kits are neatly packaged with clear instructions and will provide you with important details about your water quality. 

The post What’s the Difference Between an at Home Test Kit and a Laboratory Water Test? appeared first on .

In the case of a do not use notice, you should check with your water authority to find out what precautions you should take regarding your water.  With a boil water notice, you may continue to use your water, but it will need to be boiled before you use it for drinking, cooking, and brushing your teeth.  Here are some of the most common questions and answers that people have when they receive a boil water notice.

How long will the boil water notice be in effect?

Each boil water advisory is based on different circumstances, so there is no set amount of time for when the boil water advisory will be lifted.  Your water company and your local health department should provide you with details and updates as to when your water will be safe for normal use.

Are there any guidelines for boiling water to make sure that it is safe?

You need to make sure that you bring your water to a full boil and then allow it to continue boiling for ONE MINUTE.  Because it takes time for water to cool after boiling, it is suggested that you plan ahead and boil water before you need it.  You can boil a few batches of water and then store them in the refrigerator. 

Do I still have to boil my water if I have a filtration or reverse osmosis system?

YES. While filtration and reverse osmosis are great options to ensure that you are drinking safe, quality water under normal circumstances, they may not be enough to remove certain organisms. 

Are there any alternatives to boiling my water?

The best alternative to boiling water would be to purchase bottled water.  You can use bottled water without boiling it for drinking, cooking, and brushing your teeth. You should always keep an emergency supply of bottled water on hand.  Although most bottled water has a 2-year use by date,  this is mainly for taste purposes. Bottled water should be safe for an indefinite amount of time if stored properly.

Can I use my water for cooking without boiling it?

NO. Water used for food preparation, cooking, and drinking must be boiled before use.   Even if you will be boiling the water as part of the cooking process, it is recommended that the water first be boiled separately to ensure that it has been boiled for a full minute at a rolling boil.

Do I need to use boiled water to wash fruit and vegetables?

YES.  Any food that needs to be rinsed should be rinsed with boiled or bottled water.

Do I need to use boiled water to make ice?

YES. You will need to use boiled or bottled water to make ice.  Do not use ice made from an automatic ice maker.

What should I do if I need water to make baby formula?

When making baby formula, sterilize all bottles, rings, nipples, and utensils in boiling water for two minutes. To be extra precautious, it is recommended that the water used for making baby formula is boiled for 2 minutes

Can I use my coffee maker during a Boil Water Advisory?

When using your coffee maker, use bottled water or water that that has previously been boiled for the recommended one minute. 

Can I wash my dishes?

If you are hand washing dishes, you must use boiled water.  If you are using a dishwasher, make sure that the water temperature reaches 170°F and includes a full dry cycle.  If you do not know the temperature of your dishwasher, after the wash cycle, rinse the dishes in a diluted bleach solution (1oz bleach for 3 gallons of water) and allow them to air dry before using.

Can I wash my clothes?

YES. You can wash your clothes, but keep in mind that depending on the type of contamination, cloths may become discolored, especially light and white clothing. 

Can I brush my teeth?

Always use boiled water to brush your teeth when you have been issued a boil water notice.  You can also use bottled water. 

Can I wash my hands, bath, and shave?

Washing with soap and water is safe for basic hygiene when you have received a boil water notice.  Use caution not to swallow any water while bathing.  Shaving is not recommended as nicks and cuts could become infected.

Should I give my pets boiled water?

YES. Your pets should be drinking boiled or bottled water.  If you mix their food with water, make sure it is boiled or bottled as well. 

Can I use my toilets?

YES.  A boil water notice does not affect how you use your toilet. 

When the boil water notice is lifted, is there anything I need to do?

Before drinking the water after a boil water notice has been lifted, you need to flush the pipes.  Run all the cold water faucets at full stream for at least 5 minutes.  Water using appliances may need special attention too.  If you have an ice maker, discard any previous ice along with the next three batches of ice to make sure the line has been cleaned of any contaminated water.  If you have a hot water heater, water softener, or water cooler, run enough water to completely flush through the reservoir or tank.  All water filters should be replaced.

After any type of water advisory, you may still have concerns about the quality and safety of your water. You can quickly and easily test your water for a variety of contaminants with one of TestAssured’s water testing kits.

Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable.

Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable.

Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text results in examples. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors then results in examples. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text then while example. While white is nice, it is not readable resulting in transition. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable.

The post I Just Received A Boil Water Notice, What Should I Do? appeared first on .

In our daily lives, we are constantly, and often unaware, that we are being exposed to radiation.  A majority of the radiation that we are subjected to comes from natural sources.  Exposure to radiation can cause serious health issues, including cancer.  Pregnant women, children, and people with compromised immune systems are at the greatest risk of harm from radiation poisoning. One of the last places that you might expect to find radiation is in your drinking water. 

Natural Radiation

The most common radioactive elements that show up as contaminants in drinking water include uranium and radium.  These elements are naturally found in the environment.  They are present in rocks that make up the aquifers that are used to source our drinking water. As the rocks and the surrounding soil and minerals break down over time, the radioactive particles are leeched into the water.

Manmade Threats

Natural radiation is not the only threat to our water. There are also artificial radionuclides that are introduced into rivers and lakes by way of nuclear explosions and accidents.  Other human activity can also cause water to become contaminated with radioactive particles.  Industrial processes such as the production of fertilizer, coal combustion, and mining are known to create radiation that can contaminate nearby waterways. 

Radiation in Water

Slight traces of radioactivity are normally found in our drinking water. The type and amount of these radioactive particles vary from place to place. The radiochemical composition of the soil and rocks through which water passes is what determines the natural radiation levels.

Recent testing by the Environmental Working Group (EWG) has shown that water supplies in more than 27 states contain radioactive elements in excess of the limits established by the EPA. Drinking water for more than 170 million Americans contains radioactive elements at levels that may increase the risk of cancer, according to an EWG analysis of 2010 to 2015 test results from public water systems nationwide. 

EPA Levels

While most water sources have low levels of these radioactive contaminants, as the levels increase, they can pose serious risks.  The EPA has established allowable levels for radioactive contaminants in drinking water. The maximum allowable level for combined radium is 226/228 (5 pCi/L).  For man-made beta particles and photon emitters, the EPA allows 4 millirems per year. Gross alpha activity has a maximum of 15 pCi/L. 

If you are concerned about the presence of radiation in your drinking water, there are a number of ways to find out just how much radiation is in your water.  Most public water suppliers are required to test their water regularly and share their results with consumers.  If you don’t have this information, the CDC publishes the annual drinking water quality reports on their website. 

Testing for Radiation

If you don’t have public water or don’t trust the results from your water company, you can have your water tested by a certified laboratory.  TestAssured offers a Radiation in Water Test Kit that allows you to send your water to our laboratory for testing. The kit contains sterilized vials for your water samples and a postage-paid return package for you to send the samples to the lab.  When our laboratory receives your samples, they test for Alpha Radiation and Beta Radiation from any source, including Radium, Radon, Uranium, and Strontium. After testing is complete, you will receive results with details about the radiation content of your water. 

How to Treat Water for Radiation

If test results show that your water contains high levels of radiation, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk of radiation poisoning.   The most frequently recommended treatment is reverse osmosis.   Reverse osmosis works by forcing water through material with pores that are so small only water can pass through, leaving contaminants behind. The EPA considers reverse osmosis to be the “best available technology” (BAT) for removing uranium, radium, gross alpha, and beta particles and photon emitters. Tests show that it removes up to 99 percent of these radionuclides.

Another recommendation from the EPA is the use of ion exchange to remove radioactive compounds from water. Ion exchange is the process used in water softeners.  It removes contaminants, including radioactive particles, when water passes through sodium ions.

Testing

Testing code for colors. Resulting in this is an example of white text. As a result, this is an example of white text. As a result, this is an example of white text. Testing code for colors. For instance, this is an example of white text, but while white is nice, but it is not readable. Testing code for colors. Next, this is an example of white text. While white is nice, but it is not readable. Resulting in testing code for colors. For instance, this is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Hence, testing code for colors. As a result, this is an example of white text. While white is nice, but it is not readable. For instance, testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, but it is not readable.

The post How Can I Tell if There Is Radiation in My Water? appeared first on .

The debate about the need for supplemental fluoride has become heated in recent years.  Fluoride is a natural mineral found in the soil that can sometimes penetrate into our water supplies.  In the 1930s, researchers determined that people in areas with naturally fluoridated water had fewer cavities than people who didn’t consume fluoridated water.  This led to municipalities adding fluoride to public water sources.  Fluoride is also commonly added to toothpastes and other dental products. There is no argument that fluoride is necessary for oral health, but there is a growing concern that we are getting too much fluoride these days. 

While fluoride can help reduce the incidence of tooth decay, too much fluoride may contribute to health issues.  Some studies show that excessive exposure to fluoride can cause a condition known as fluorosis which damages the teeth, joints, and bones. Data indicate that today’s children are occasionally exposed to too much fluoride. Depending on the frequency and duration of the overexposure, it can cause severe dental fluorosis in the teeth.  This can leave children with spots and discoloration on both their baby teeth and permanent adult teeth.  Excessive fluoride can also cause skeletal fluorosis, resulting in painful joints and damaged bones.  In extreme cases, too much fluoride can affect the parathyroid gland, causing hyperparathyroidism.

The Allowable Limit for Fluoride

The EPA has set an allowable limit for fluoride in drinking water.  Their maximum contaminant level (MCL) is 4.0 mg/L or 4.0 ppm. The EPA has set this level as a measure to prevent potential health problems. If a public water system exceeds the fluoride MCL of 4 mg/L, the company must notify its customers as soon as possible within 30 days of discovering the violation.

Public Water Sources

If your drinking water comes from a public source, you can easily find out what the fluoride level is in your water.  There is also a resource established by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, called  “My Water’s Fluoride.”  This interactive map allows you to click on your state and drill down to your county to find out whether the public water is fluoridated.  There are 39 states that participate and share their water information.  If your state does not share their information online, you can call your water utility.  You can find the name and contact information of the water utility on your water bill.

Well Water

Almost all water contains some level of fluoride.  If you have well water, it is important to know the fluoride content of your water, particularly if you have children. It is recommended that private well owners test their wells test their water regularly for a variety of contaminants, including fluoride. If fluoride is found to be above the recommended levels, there are treatment options such as reverse osmosis and distillation that can help to remove fluoride from your drinking water.

Bottled Water

Even some bottled water can contain fluoride.  Bottled water that has been de-ionized, purified, or distilled should not contain any more than trace amounts of fluoride.  However, it is important to read the label to determine if fluoride has been added as an ingredient.  Naturally sourced bottled waters like spring water and mineral water are highly likely to contain fluoride that is naturally present in the water source.  The FDA has set specific limits for fluoride in bottled water based on several factors, including the source of the water. These limits range from 0.8 to 2.4 milligrams per liter.

Testing for Fluoride

If you are concerned about the level of fluoride in your drinking water, there are a number of testing options available.  One of the simplest tests is an at-home test kit. These kits allow you to quickly and easily test your water for the presence of fluoride, but the results are not as precise as laboratory testing.  TestAssured offers a Fluoride Test Kit that allows you to send your water to our certified laboratory for testing. Simply collect your water sample in the provided sterilized vials and return them to the lab in the postage-paid return package to get a detailed analysis of the fluoride levels in your water.

How to Treat Water with Excess Fluoride

If test results show that your water contains high levels of fluoride, there are steps you can take to lower the amount of fluoride in your drinking water.  Charcoal filtration systems and boiling water will not remove fluoride.  In order to lower the fluoride levels, you will need to invest in a distillation or reverse osmosis system.  Both of these treatment methods have been proven effective for reducing fluoride to below the 4.0 mg/L recommended level.

Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable.

The post How Much Fluoride Should Water Have and How Do You Test for It? appeared first on .

Electrolyte water is a growing segment in the bottled water category. Examples of electrolyte waters include brands such as Propel, Smartwater, LIFEWTR, and Core Hydration.  Some of these waters have added electrolytes to improve the taste and others are geared toward improved hydration.

So, just what is electrolyte water? These waters have added salts and minerals such as sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium.  Many bottled waters and even tap water naturally contain trace amounts of these electrolytes.  Electrolyte waters, however, have considerably higher amounts.  Some brands may add a negligible amount to help improve the taste of the water, while others add a significant amount to market their waters to athletes and other health-conscious shoppers.

Why Your Body Needs Electrolytes

Electrolytes are minerals that conduct electricity when they are dissolved in water.  The fluids in your body contain electrolytes that help your body function by providing electrical energy.  You need electrolytes to control the balance of fluids in your body and to stabilize your blood pressure.  They are also used for maintaining the proper pH of your blood and to help your muscles contract.

Electrolyte	Function
Sodium	Responsible for controlling the amount of water in the body, regulating blood volume, and maintaining muscle and nerve function
Chloride	Works with sodium to maintain balance and pressure of body fluids
Calcium	Contributes to bone and tooth strength, helps transmit nerve impulses, and supports blood clotting and muscle function
Potassium	Regulates heartbeat and muscle function
Magnesium	Helps maintain nerve and muscle function, boosts immune system, maintains heart rate, stabilizes blood sugar, promotes healthy bones and teeth
Phosphate	Strengthens bones and teeth, essential for energy production in cells, necessary for tissue growth and repair, building block for cell membranes and DNA

The Amount of Electrolytes in Water

Most waters that haven’t been filtered contain at least some naturally occurring electrolytes.  On average, 34 ounces of tap water can provide between 2–3% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of calcium, sodium, and magnesium.  The one important electrolyte that is not found in significant amounts in tap water is potassium.  Electrolyte waters provide a much higher percentage of the RDA for these minerals.

Make Your Own Electrolyte Water

While the grocery store shelves are packed with a variety of electrolyte waters to choose from in flavors from strawberry kiwi to chocolate mint, you can easily make your own electrolyte water for a fraction of the cost.  All you need are four ingredients that you probably already have on hand: water, sweetener sea salt, and baking soda.

• 1 liter water
• 1/2 tsp baking soda
• 2 tbsp sweetener (honey, sugar, maple syrup, or agave nectar)
• 1/2 tbsp sea salt

Combine all ingredients in a water bottle and shake until well mixed.  For added potassium, you can add some citrus juice or coconut water.   Unlike bottled electrolyte water that you would find in a store, this recipe gives you a refreshing boost of electrolytes without any artificial flavoring or colors.

When making your own electrolyte water, be sure to test your water to make sure you are putting the best water you can in your body.  You can quickly and easily test your water with a test kit from TestAssured.  Whether you are drinking tap water, filtered water, or bottled water, you cannot take for granted the quality of your water.

Benefits of Electrolyte Water

Proper hydration is an important component of good health and athletic performance.  Electrolyte-enhanced waters, can help athletes quickly rehydrate and replenish electrolytes and energy lost through sweating during intense exercise.

Electrolyte water can also be helpful when you aren’t feeling well.  Illnesses that are accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea can lead to dehydration if fluids and electrolytes are not replaced. Infants and children are especially vulnerable to dehydration when they are sick.

Electrolyte water is especially popular in hot environments.  If you live in an area that experiences extremely high temperatures or high humidity, such as Arizona or Florida, you could be at risk for heat-related illnesses, including mild heat rash to life-threatening heatstroke. Maintaining proper hydration and electrolyte levels is key to helping your body stay cool and regulate its temperature.

Regular Water Compared to Electrolyte water

Staying hydrated is a necessary part of maintaining your overall health. Your body needs water and electrolytes to function properly and perform tasks like transporting nutrients, flushing out waste and toxins, and regulating body temperature.

The electrolyte water manufacturers tout their products as being superior to regular water.  Yes, they have more electrolytes, but whether or not electrolyte water is better for you depends on the situation.  Electrolyte water may be a better choice if you are at risk of losing minerals. This would include people who are exercising strenuously, sweating excessively, are ill with vomiting or diarrhea, or exposed to long periods of high heat and humidity.

The Bottom Line

Electrolyte water is a simple way to supplement minerals your body can easily lose.  Remember, your body needs minerals like potassium, sodium, and magnesium to function properly.  Drinking electrolyte water is an easy way to replenish those minerals to prevent dehydration.

Testing code for colors. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable. Testing code for colors. This is an example of white text. While white is nice, it is not readable.

The post Who Really Needs Electrolyte Water? appeared first on .

Pick Your Leaves

To prepare for this test, head outside and gather some leaves or even some grass.  Two of the leaves we chose were still fresh and green, but we did find a nice pretty yellow leaf.  With the help of the internet, we were able to identify our leaves as Oak, Southern Catalpa, and Magnolia.  In addition to your leaves, you will also need a School and Science Fair Test Kit from TestAssured which has all the tools and equipment that you will need to perform the water tests.

Supplies

The first thing you need to do is gather your supplies:

• Test Assured 4 Test Kit Set with TDS Meter
• 4 cups
• 3 different leaves
• Tap water
• Paper towels

Preparation

In order to make the leaf water solution, you need to crush or tear your leaves.  We tore ours into tiny pieces, put each sample in a glass and then added about 1/4 of tap water.  Once the water was in the cup we used our fingers to mash the leaves even more. Don’t forget to save one glass without any leaves for your control sample.

Now is a good time to label your vials and list the names of your leaf water samples in the results notebook.  You might want to write down some observations about your samples as well. For example, the water with the Southern Catalpa leaf had a yellow tint to it.  We also noticed that the Magnolia leaf had a strange odor once we started to tear it up.  These observations can be written in the “Notes” on the last page of the results notebook.

Testing

First, you will start with the test for total dissolved solids, using the TDS meter.  Because the meter will not fit in the test vials, it is easier to complete this part of the experiment while your samples are still in the cups.  To perform the TDS test, simply turn on the meter and submerge the prongs in the samples. Rinse the meter with clean water between each test. Record your results in the results notebook. Be sure to read the TDS meter carefully.  High readings will be noted with “x10.”

After completing the TDS test, you will need to pour your samples into the vials you labeled.  Do this over a sink and be sure to wipe up any spills, so you don’t contaminate the test strips. It’s ok if some of the leaf pieces end up in the vials.

Now you’re ready to get started with the rest of the tests. It’s easiest to work with one sample at a time.  Follow these instructions to complete the remaining tests.

Alkalinity/pH/Hardness Test

1. Remove the test strip from the packet labeled, “ALK/pH/Hard”
2. Pick up the strip on the end with no pads
3. Dip the strip in the sample for one second and remove
4. Hold the test strip level and wait 10 seconds
5. Place the strip as shown in the picture and compare to the color chart for alkalinity, pH, and harness
6. Record your results in the results notebook

Total Chlorine/Copper/Nitrate/Nitrite Test

1. Remove the test strip from the packet labeled, “CL/CO/NA/NI”
2. Pick up the strip on the end with no pads
3. Dip the strip in the sample three times and remove – DO NOT SHAKE OFF EXCESS WATER
4. Hold the test strip level for 2 seconds
5. Place the strip as shown in the picture and compare to the color chart for chlorine and copper
6. Wait 45 seconds before reading the results for nitrate and nitrite
7. Record your results in the results notebook

Iron Test (Complete this test last)

1. Remove one iron reagent tablet from the foil packet and place in test vial (the reagent could alter the results of other tests which is why the iron test is completed last)
2. Place the cap on the test vial and shake for approximately one minute, until the tablet is completely dissolved
3. Remove the test strip from the packet labeled, “Iron Test”
4. Dip the strip in the sample for 2 seconds
5. Shake the strip once and wait 60 seconds
6. Place the strip as shown in the picture and compare to the color chart for iron
7. Record your results in the results notebook

Repeat all three tests for each of your samples.  When you are finished don’t forget to wash your hands with soap and water.

Results

Now that you have completed each of the tests on your four samples, it’s time to look at your results.  Ask yourself these questions:

• How did the control sample differ from the leaf water samples?
• Did one of the leaf water samples differ more than the rest?
• What results did you find the most surprising?

Record your answers on the “Notes” page.  If you are doing a science project, create a graph to show your results.  You can also use clear tape to fix the test sticks to the color charts to display your results.

Our hypothesis was that the leaves would change the composition of the water.  We suspected that they might change the alkalinity of the water or the copper levels, and they did.  What we weren’t expecting was how they would change the chlorine levels.  What was surprising here, was that the leaves actually reduced the chlorine levels.  Two of our samples reduced to chlorine to zero and the other cut it in half.  We aren’t sure exactly why this happened, but we did learn that chlorine is one of the nutrients that help plants grow.  Did any of your leaves reduce the chlorine in your samples?

The post Fun Fall Science Experiment with Leaves appeared first on .

Supplies

The first thing you need to do is gather your supplies:

• Test Assured 4 Test Kit Set with TDS Meter
• 4 cups
• 3 dirt samples
• Paper towels

Preparation

To prepare for the tests, you’ll need to make your dirty water samples.  Fill the first cup with plain tap water.  This will be the control that the other samples are measured against.  Put one dirt sample in each of the remaining cups.  Fill the cups halfway with tap water.  You need enough water that the dirt can be easily mixed into the water, but avoid filling the cup too much so you don’t splash dirty water everywhere.  Once each cup has been mixed, you’ll want to wait about a half hour for the dirt to settle to the bottom.

Now is a good time to label your vials and list the sources of your dirty water samples in the results notebook.

Testing

First, you will start with the test for total dissolved solids, using the TDS meter.  Because the meter will not fit in the test vials, it is easier to complete this part of the experiment while your samples are still in the cups.  To perform the TDS test, simply turn on the meter and submerge the prongs in the samples. Rinse the meter with clean water between each test. Record your results in the results notebook. Be sure to read the TDS meter carefully.  High readings will be noted with “x10.”

After completing the TDS test, you will need to pour your samples into the vials you labeled.  Do this over a sink and be sure to wipe up any spills, so you don’t contaminate the test strips.

Before you get started with the tests, now is a good time to make some visual observations. Take notes about how clear or cloudy your samples look.  Are there any visible particles floating in any of the samples?  These observations can be written in the “Notes” on the last page of the results notebook.

Now you’re ready to get started with the rest of the tests. It’s easiest to work with one sample at a time.  Follow these instructions to complete the remaining tests.

Alkalinity/pH/Hardness Test

1. Remove the test strip from the packet labeled, “ALK/pH/Hard”
2. Pick up the strip on the end with no pads
3. Dip the strip in the sample for one second and remove
4. Hold the test strip level and wait 10 seconds
5. Place the strip as shown in the picture and compare to the color chart for alkalinity, pH, and harness
6. Record your results in the results notebook

Total Chlorine/Copper/Nitrate/Nitrite Test

1. Remove the test strip from the packet labeled, “CL/CO/NA/NI”
2. Pick up the strip on the end with no pads
3. Dip the strip in the sample three times and remove – DO NOT SHAKE OFF EXCESS WATER
4. Hold the test strip level for 2 seconds
5. Place the strip as shown in the picture and compare to the color chart for chlorine and copper
6. Wait 45 seconds before reading the results for nitrate and nitrite
7. Record your results in the results notebook

Iron Test (Complete this test last)

1. Remove one iron reagent tablet from the foil packet and place in test vial (the reagent could alter the results of other tests which is why the iron test is completed last)
2. Place the cap on the test vial and shake for approximately one minute, until the tablet is completely dissolved
3. Remove the test strip from the packet labeled, “Iron Test”
4. Dip the strip in the sample for 2 seconds
5. Shake the strip once and wait 60 seconds
6. Place the strip as shown in the picture and compare to the color chart for iron
7. Record your results in the results notebook

Repeat all three tests for each of your samples.  When you are finished don’t forget to wash your hands with soap and water.

Results

Now that you have completed each of the tests on your four samples, it’s time to look at your results.  Ask yourself these questions:

• How did the control sample differ from the dirty water samples?
• Did any of the dirty water samples contain more contamination than the rest?
• What results did you find the most surprising?

Record your answers on the “Notes” page.  If you are doing a science project, create a graph to show your results.  You can also use clear tape to fix the test sticks to the color charts to display your results.

The post Dirty Water – A Fun Science Project for Kids appeared first on .

What Causes Contaminated Well Water?

Well water is naturally filtered as it makes its way through the ground into the aquifer.  One of the benefits of well water is that it does not contain fluoride, chlorine, or other chemicals that can be found in public water.  This lack of treatment also means that as a well owner, you need to be aware of what is in your water.

Well water can easily become contaminated. If your well was drilled too close to the surface it can become susceptible to microorganisms. Depending on the condition of the local soil, groundwater can pick up nitrates, nitrites, copper, and other impurities. The use of chemicals and fertilizers in areas surrounding a well can also easily pollute the water.

What Contaminants Can Get Into a Well?

Contaminated well water often doesn’t have easily noticeable signs to alert you of the potential hazard.  You may not be able to easily detect many of the contaminants that can be picked up by well water. This is because they are colorless, odorless, and tasteless.  For this reason, the best way to detect these contaminants is with a well water test.

In addition to chemicals, and heavy metals, there are three types of microbial contaminants that you need to be aware of including bacteria, viruses, and cysts.

Bacteria	These single-celled organisms reproduce by cell division or through spores. They may be free-living organisms or parasites. Bacteria are decomposers that break down waste and bodies of dead organisms. Their cells range from 1 to 10 microns in size. Found almost everywhere, there are some helpful bacteria, while others can be quite dangerous if ingested.
Viruses	Composed almost entirely of protein and nucleic acids, viruses are infectious microbes that can cause disease in humans. Because they are parasites, they can only reproduce when inside other living cells. Viruses are very small, ranging from .004 to .1 microns in size which is almost 100 times smaller than bacteria.
Cysts	Certain protozoans and bacteria produce protein sacs called cysts. These cysts are made in preparation for entering the reproductive stage. Like spores, cysts are difficult to destroy. However, because of their large size, they are easily removed through filtration. They range in size from 2 to 50 microns.

Contaminated water can cause serious health issues including gastrointestinal distress, nausea, fever, and long-term illness.  High levels of minerals and alkaline can also be harmful to pipes, fixtures, and water-using appliances, causing scaling and damage.

Performing a Well Water Test

Understanding and knowing which contaminants to test for is the first step to keeping your well water safe.  TestAssured offers a Well Water Test Kit that you can use as a screening test to determine the safety of your well water. This testing kit includes tests for a complete water analysis.  You’ll be able to identify the presence of metals, chemicals, and even bacteria like E. coli.

The kit contains eight tests.  Each test is calibrated to EPA standards.  Although the bacteria test takes two days to develop, you will have the rest of the test results within ten minutes.

Once you collect your results, you can compare them to the EPA recommendations and guidelines for water quality limits.  If your water tests positive for contamination, you may wish to do more intensive testing.  You should contact your local health department for more information.

How Often Should You Test Well Water?

The minimum recommended standard for testing well water is at least once every year.  For shallow wells that are less than 100 feet deep, the CDC recommends testing twice per year.  If your area has experienced land disturbances or flooding or if you know that there are problems with local wells, it may be necessary to test more frequently. You should perform additional tests any time a neighboring well has tested positive for contamination.

You may also wish to test more often if you begin having unexplained gastrointestinal issues or notice a change in the odor, taste, or appearance of your water.  Indications of a change in water quality include cloudiness, odor, and unusual taste.

The post How Often Should You Perform a Well Water Test? appeared first on .

Private Water Statistics

As a well owner, you are accountable for making sure that your drinking water is safe.  Many of the pollutants found in well water are colorless, odorless, and tasteless, making them hard to detect.  Contaminants that occur naturally in the soil can seep into the water that supplies your well.  Chemicals and fertilizers that are used in areas surrounding a well can also easily pollute the water.  Here are some surprising statistics about private water from the Center for Disease Control.

About 1 in 9 American residents get their drinking water from a private well.

About 1 in 5 sampled private wells were found to be contaminated at levels that could affect health.

From 1971 through 2008, the proportion of outbreaks associated with private water sources has increased.

Fifty-six percent of local health departments regulate, inspect, or license private drinking water in their community.

Maintaining Your Well

In the past, requirements for wells were not as strict, so older wells are more susceptible to contamination. Newer wells are now required to include features such as grout seals, sanitary well caps, and extended casings to help protect against pollutants.  Despite these extra precautions, new wells are still at risk for deterioration and should be inspected regularly to check for damage.

No matter how old your well is, part of responsible well ownership is performing regular maintenance.  This will help to ensure that your well is operating properly and that the quality of your water has not been compromised. Regular well inspections for mechanical problems, cleanliness, and the presence of contaminants, will not only protect your water but it will also prolong the life of your well system.

Testing Well Water

You should test well water at least once a year.  If you have a shallow well, less than 100 feet deep, it is recommended that you test at least twice a year. However, you may want to test more often if you have gastrointestinal issues or notice a change in odor, taste, or appearance of your water.

TestAssured makes a kit that is specifically designed to test well water.  The Well Water Testing Kit includes eight tests for a complete water analysis.  You’ll be able to identify the presence of chemicals, metals, and even bacteria like E. coli.

The tests are easy to perform, and you will have results within 10 minutes, with the exception of the bacteria test which must develop for 48 hours.  Everything you need to perform the tests comes with the kit.  There are no chemicals to mix and no samples to send to a lab.

Chlorine, Copper, Nitrates, and Nitrates

The first test you’ll perform with the TestAssured kit is for chlorine, copper, nitrates, and nitrates.  Simply fill the large vial almost to the top with the water from your tap. Remove the test strip labeled CL/CO/NA/NI and swirl it in the water three times, then hold it level for two seconds.  Align the strip with the corresponding color-coded chart to read your results.

Alkalinity, pH, and Hardness

Using the same water sample, the next test in the kit allows you to test well water for alkalinity, pH, and hardness. Take the strip marked AKL/pH/Hard and dip it in the vial for one second. Hold the strip level for ten seconds and then place it on the chart to read the color-coded results.

Iron Test

With the same sample, you can also test well water for iron.  Add the iron reagent tablet to the vial, secure the cap, and shake until the tablet has completely dissolved.  Dip the iron test strip into the vial for two seconds.  Remove the strip and shake once to remove excess water.  Wait 60 seconds and place on the color chart for results.

Bacteria Test

You will need another sample from your tap to test well water for bacteria.  Unwrap the remaining sample vial and stand it upright on a level surface. Carefully twist off the cap without spilling the bacterial growth powder it contains. Fill the vial to the 5ml line, about a ½ inch below the top.  Secure the cap and shake the sample for 20 seconds.  Place the vial upright in a warm area (between 70-90°F) where it will not be disturbed. Wait 48 hours and then check the color of the liquid which indicates the results.

Test Results

Each test is calibrated to the EPA standards.  Once you have your results, compare them to the EPA recommendations and guidelines for water quality. If you have any concerns about the safety of your water, contact your local health department immediately.

The post How to Test Well Water at Home appeared first on .

What Is Hard Water?

When people talk about water quality, one of the factors that is often mentioned is hardness.  As water travels through the ground, it picks up small amounts of sediment from soil and rocks.  Two of the most common minerals that easily dissolve to form hard water are calcium and magnesium.  These are the minerals that are responsible for the hardness of water.  The higher the content of calcium and magnesium, the harder the water.

The hardness of your water often depends on your location.  Between 75-85% of Americans have hard water in their homes.  Homes in the central United States have some of the hardest water.  Coastal states have some of the softest water. Water hardness is measured in grains per gallon (GPG).

Hardness Level Description	Grains Per Gallon (GPG)
Extremely Hard Water	Over 14 GPG
Very Hard Water	10-14 GPG
Hard Water	7-10 GPG
Moderately Hard Water	3-7 GPG
Slightly Hard Water	0-3 GPG

Hard Water Causes Film and Soap Scum

Typically, you cannot tell if your water is hard by looking at it or smelling it.  However, you may notice that it interferes with your daily cleaning.  The minerals in hard water affect how soaps and detergents work, making it harder to clean dishes, clothes, sinks, tubs, and even your hair.

When soap mixes with hard water, it makes the water softer by removing the minerals from the water. This mixture creates a film that is hard to remove.  It also reduces the suds created by the soap, making it less effective.  Dishes cleaned with hard water dry to a dull or spotty finish.  Sinks and tubs often have a hard-to-remove film making them look dirty.  Cloths lose their brightness and softness.  Hair feels sticky or greasy after washing.

Costly Effects of Hard Water

Hard water can also affect your pipes, faucets, and appliances.  As the calcium and magnesium accumulate, they can leave an unsightly crust around fixtures.  This buildup can clog pipes, reducing water flow and eventually requiring pipes to be replaced.  Over time, hard water also causes costly damage to water-using appliances.

Testing for Hard Water

If your water comes from a public source, you can contact your water company and request the results of their water tests to find out hardness levels. For those who have private wells, you may wish to contact your local health department for information about testing.   If they do not have a testing laboratory, they should be able to direct you to a facility that tests water samples for private citizens. Most comprehensive water test results include the level of hardness of your water.

It is also possible to perform an at-home test to determine the hardness of your water.  This is an inexpensive option that can provide results in a matter of minutes. TestAssured offers a hard water test kit that is easy to use and will show you the hardness level of your water from 0 grains up to 24 grains.  All you have to do is dip the test strip into your water sample for one second.  Let the strip develop for 10 seconds and then place it on the results color chart to determine the hardness level.

Is Hard Water a Health Hazard?

Although there are many contaminants that make water unsafe to drink, calcium and magnesium do not pose any known health risks.  In fact, there are people who feel that these minerals offer certain health benefits because the additional calcium and magnesium are part of a healthy diet.  There are even some studies that show a link between drinking hard water and a lower risk of cardiovascular disease.

How to Treat Hard Water

Although hard water does not pose a health risk, it is often considered a nuisance.  There are a number of ways you can treat your water to make it softer.  This will increase the lifespan of your water-using appliances and the plumbing in your home.

Many people opt to use chemical-based water softeners to control water hardness. There are two different kinds of softeners, precipitating and non-precipitating.  Precipitating water softeners use washing soda and borax, while non-precipitating water softeners are made up of complex phosphates.  As water moves into the softener tank, the calcium and magnesium ions are removed through a process called ion exchange. This leaves behind water with a slightly higher salt content, but minus the calcium and magnesium.

If you don’t want to invest in a water softener, but you don’t like the taste of hard water, an inexpensive solution is a water filter.  You can improve the taste of hard water with a filtration pitcher or a faucet water filter.  Both are available in an assortment of styles and sizes with different filters and features.  Basic models start around $20 and will filter out the hard water minerals as well as chlorine and other contaminants.

Determining If You have Hard Water

Hard water is not dangerous to drink, but it can be a costly nuisance.  The hardness of your water will vary depending on your water source and where you live.  TestAssured’s Water Hardness Test strips are a simple and affordable way to find out just how hard your water is.

The post How Do I Know If I Have Hard Water? appeared first on .